# Acronyms & Abbreviations

Term Description
AEC Alternative energy carrier
AEM Anion exchange membrane
BECCS Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage
BOP Balance of plant
Btu British thermal units
CAES Compressed air energy storage
CCS Carbon capture and storage
CCUS Carbon capture, utilization, and storage
CO2 Carbon dioxide
CO2e Carbon dioxide equivalent
CH4 Methane
DAC Direct air capture
DRI Direct reduced iron
EAF Electric arc furnace
EHS Environmental health and safety
EPRI Electric Power Research Institute
ESA Endangered Species Act
EV Electric vehicle
GHG Greenhouse gas
Gt Gigatonnes
GTI GTI Energy
GW Gigawatt
GWP Global warming potential
HRSG Heat recovery steam generator
H2 Hydrogen
IEA International Energy Agency
IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
kWh Kilowatt hour
kg Kilogram
LCRI Low-Carbon Resources Initiative
LDC Local distribution company
MMt Million metric tonnes
MMBtu Million British thermal units
MW Megawatt
NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards
N2O Nitrous oxide
NOx Nitrogen oxides
NZE Net zero emissions
PEM Proton exchange membrane
PSH Pumped storage hydropower
PV Photovoltaic
Quads Quadrillion British thermal units
R&D Research and development
RD&D Research, development, and demonstration
RNG Renewable natural gas
RICE Reciprocating internal combustion engine
SIPS State implementation plans
SF6 Sulfur hexafluoride
SMR Steam-methane reforming
SNG Synthetic natural gas
SOEC Solid oxide electrolysis
TAG Technology Assessment Guide
TCN Technical Collaboration Network
T&D Transmission and distribution
TES Thermal energy storage
TSC Technical subcommittee
TWh Terawatt hour
U.S. United States
USD United States dollar
USFWS United States Fish and Wildlife Service
US-REGEN U.S. Regional Economy, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Model
Yr Year
Last updated: May 20, 2022